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DESCRIPTION 1
Identify and
describe the various loads that effect timber framed structures and the causes
of these loads. 2
Identify and
describe the various load conditions of timber posts and beams. 3
Identify and
describe how and why timber framed structures fail. 4
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Loads that effect timber structures and
their causes |
|
•
Live Loads (Occupants,
Machinery, Vehicles, Snow, Wind, Rain, Earthquakes) •
Dead Loads (Materials,
Fixtures & Fittings) •
Wind Loads •
Earthquakes •
Hurricanes •
Resultant Loads •
Other factors (Impact,
Fatigue, Fire, Decay, Etc) •
Harmonic Loads |
|
2. Loads in posts and beams |
|
•
Uniform Load / Distributed
Load •
Point Load •
Bending & Deflection •
Cantilevered Load (Including
1:2 Rule of Thumb) •
Effects of Green Timber &
Shrinkage •
Braces in Tension &
Compression (Knee Braces vs. Full-length Struts) |
|
3. Causes of structural frame failure |
|
•
Fire •
Earthquakes •
Hurricanes •
Building Alterations •
Insect Attack & Decay •
Maintenance Issues •
Harmonics •
Poor Design Choices (Hammer
Beams, Etc) |
Theory:32
i)
Given a multiple choice test of
30 recall/recognition type questions about the mechanical properties of timber
frames, the learner will answer all questions within 30 minutes and score a
minimum of 70%, or 21 correct answers. 33
ii)
Given a complete set of
drawings for a simple (3-4 bay) timber framed building, learners will identify
the various types of loads that are likely to effect the design of the frame. 34
iii)
Given clear illustrations or
photos of various common timber components, learners will correctly identify
the following: 35
a)
Whether timbers are acting in
tension, compression, or a combination of tension and compression 36
b)
Whether the timbers are subject
to point loads or distributed loads 37
c)
In which direction timbers are
likely to deflect 38
d)
Whether the timbers are
cantilevered or simply-supported 39
DESCRIPTION 41
Identify and describe the various forces
and stresses that act upon a timber framed building and it’s individual timber
components. 42
Identify tension joinery. 43
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Identify forces and stresses |
|
•
Compression Parallel to Grain •
Compression Perpendicular to
Grain •
Tension Parallel to Grain •
Tension Perpendicular to
Grain •
Vertical Shear •
Horizontal Shear •
Bending & Deflection •
Rotation •
Neutral Axis of Timbers •
Shear Planes •
Load Path •
Load Diagrams •
Reaction Forces |
Theory:60
i)
Given a multiple choice test of
30 recall/recognition type questions about the forces and stresses that effect
timber frames, the learner will answer all questions within 30 minutes and
score a minimum of 70%, or 21 correct answers. 61
ii)
Given a complete set of frame
drawings for a simple (2-3 bay) timber framed building, learners will correctly
identify all locations of tension joinery. 62
iii)
Given clear line-drawings of
various simple, common truss and frame types showing common load conditions,
learners will correctly identify the following: 63
a)
Load paths 64
b)
Which timbers are acting in
compression, tension or a combination of tension and compression 65
DESCRIPTION 66
Identify and
describe the parts and properties of hardwood and softwood. 67
Describe the various
types of shrinkage that effect timbers. 68
Describe the effects
of timber shrinkage on timber shapes and dimensions. 69
Identify and
describe the processes of rot, decay and insect attack in timber. 70
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Parts and properties of trees and
timbers |
|
•
Softwood & Hardwood •
Photosynthesis •
Cell Structure •
Fibres & Vessels •
Chemical Content (Lignin,
Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Ash & Extractives) •
Annual Rings •
Sapwood & Heartwood •
Spring Wood & Summer Wood •
Juvenile Wood •
Terminology (Pith, Juvenile
Wood, Xylem, Rays, Cambium, Phloem & Outer Bark, Etc) •
Thermal Properties •
Strength Properties •
Hygroscopicity •
Acoustical Properties •
Resistance to Rot & Decay |
|
2. Effects of shrinkage |
|
•
Radial Shrinkage •
Tangential Shrinkage •
Longitudinal Shrinkage •
Shrinkage Values &
Reference Tables •
Free Water & Bound Water •
Moisture Content (MC) &
Specific Gravity •
Fibre Saturation Point (FSP) •
Equilibrium Moisture Content
(EMC) •
Timber Sections & ‘Cuts’
of Timber •
Checking •
Drying & Seasoning |
|
3. Rot, decay and insect attack |
|
•
Structural Polymers (Starch
& Sugars) •
Moisture & Nitrogen •
Insects (Cell Content &
Cell Wall Feeders) •
Fungi (Moulds & Rots) •
Exposure (Wind, Light &
Water) •
Natural Acidity &
Corrosion of Fixings •
Hazard Classifications •
Timber Preservatives &
Treatments |
Theory:110
i)
Given a multiple choice test of
30 recall/recognition type questions about the properties and reactions of
wood: 111
·
Parts & Properties of Wood
(10 Questions) 112
·
Shrinkage (10 Questions) 113
·
Rot, Decay & Insect Attack
(10 Questions) 114
The learner will
answer all questions within 30 minutes and score a minimum of 70%, or 21
correct answers. 115
DESCRIPTION 116
Describe how loads are transmitted through
connections and how various fasteners resist these loads. 117
Identify and describe the various
properties and issues of common timber fasteners. 118
Identify connection types that require
specialised and expert design. 119
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Identify forces and stresses |
|
•
Tension •
Compression •
Shear •
Bending |
|
2. Properties and behaviours of common
fasteners |
|
•
Testing Results & Joint
Failure •
Placement / Location of Pegs
& Dowels (End & Edge Distances, Etc) •
Placement / Locations of
Other Fasteners (End & Edge Distances, Etc) •
Pegs & Dowels •
Screws & Lags •
Nails & Spikes •
Bolts •
Anchor Bolts / Foundation
Anchors •
Wedges & Dovetails •
Splines, Keys & Fish
Plates •
Specialty Fasteners (Shear
Plates, Split Rings, Timber-locks, Etc) •
Resin Epoxy & Glue •
Commercial Fasteners (Simpson
Strong-Tie, Etc) •
Stick-frame to Timber-frame
Connections •
Bearing Surfaces &
Bearing Area •
Edge Distance & End
Distance •
Crushing •
Embedment & Creep •
Slope of Timber Grain •
Shrinkage & Maintenance
(Bolt & Wedge Tightening, Etc) •
Acidity & Corrosion •
Moisture & Corrosion •
Identify Connection Details
Requiring Expert and Specialised Design •
Material Properties of
Fasteners |
Theory:152
i)
Given a multiple choice test of
20 recall/recognition type questions about the forces and stresses in
fasteners, the learner will answer all questions within 20 minutes and score a
minimum of 70%, or 14 correct answers. 153
ii)
Learners will correctly
identify the failure sequence of typical mortise and tenon style joinery under
common load conditions. 154
iii)
Given clear illustrations of
various typical connection details used in timber-framed structures, learners
will correctly identify those connection details that require expert and
specialised design. 155
DESCRIPTION 156
Demonstrate how to calculate simple loads
for timbers and frames. 157
Demonstrate how to calculate simple loads
for timber connections. 158
Identify and describe when a professional
engineer is required. 159
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Calculate simple loads for timber beams
and frame sections |
|
•
ANSI / ASME Standards •
American Society for Civil
Engineering Standard No 7 (ASCE 7) •
National Design Specification
for Wood Construction (NDS) •
•
•
Specifications •
Timber Species & Grade •
Design Values (Bending,
Tension, Compression & Modulus of Elasticity) •
Span •
Beam Spacing •
Load Area •
Calculate Live & Dead
Loads •
Live Load Reductions •
Concentrated Loads •
Deflection •
Buckling •
Struts, Braces &
Intermediate Supports •
Rotation •
Adjustment Factors (Load
Duration, Wet Service, Temperature, Size, Form, Etc) •
Determining Timber Sections •
Calculating Loads on Roofs
vs. Walls & Sections •
Engineering Software •
Principals of Finite Element
Analysis (FEA) •
Design Liability & PI
Insurance •
SIP’s as Load-bearing Members
|
|
2. Calculate simple loads for timber
connections |
|
•
Shear Area •
Bearing Area •
Localised Crushing •
Embedment •
Rotation •
Edge & End Distances
(Relish) •
Determining Connection
Proportions & Dimensions |
Practical:196
i)
Given the following: 197
·
198
·
199
·
Frame Drawings & Joinery
Details 200
·
Specification (to include:
Timber Species & Grade) 201
·
Calculator, Pencil & Scrap
Paper 202
Learners will
demonstrate their understanding of load calculations by correctly determining
the appropriate sizes for various simple, common timber elements such as beams
and rafters. 203
ii)
Using the items listed above,
learners will determine the correct proportions of typical wood joinery for the
beams and rafters calculated in the previous question. 204
DESCRIPTION 205
Identify and describe the general
principals of frame design. 206
Identify and describe the various processes
that are necessary for generating frame designs. 207
Identify cost-effective frame designs. 208
Identify and select appropriate frame and
truss types for specific applications. 209
Identify and describe when a professional
engineer is required. 210
Identify and describe when a professional
architect is required. 211
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Principals of frame design |
|
•
Budget •
Local & National Code
Requirements •
Longevity / Service •
Locally Available Materials •
Optimising Site Features •
Minimising Site Defects •
•
Energy Efficiency (MECC
Requirements) •
Passive Solar Concepts •
Economic Timber Use •
Hybrid Construction Options •
Influence of Materials on
Design •
Interface with Other Trades,
Materials & Systems •
Design Teams •
Working with Clients,
Planners, Architects & Engineers •
Balancing Requirements of
Structure & Aesthetics •
Design Liability & PI
Insurance •
When Professional Architects
are Required •
When Professional Engineers
are Required •
|
|
2. Design processes |
|
•
Bubble Diagrams •
Site Topography & Site
Studies •
Working with Solar South /
Solar Gain •
Contemporary vs. Traditional
Frame Options •
Designing with Bents vs. Wall
Sections & Trusses or Hybrid Construction •
Designing with SIP’s •
Effect of Secondary Timbers •
Consistency of Design &
Details •
Mechanical & Electrical
Considerations •
Lighting •
Heating & Cooling
Considerations •
Conceptual Sketches •
Incorporating Requirements of
Engineers, Architects, Sub-Trades & Suppliers •
Foundation Type, Details
& Connection Considerations •
Designing for Safe &
Efficient Frame Assembly •
Determining Beam Sizes &
Locations to Accommodate Joinery •
System Analysis (ID Strengths
& Weaknesses of Structural System) •
Design Software •
Principals of Finite Element
Analysis (FEA) |
|
3. Cost-effective frame design |
|
•
Optimal Frame Spans &
Sizes •
Repetitive Design &
Fabrication / Modular Construction •
Hybrid Construction Options •
Economic Timber
Specifications •
Economic Joinery Details •
SIP’s & Other Enclosure
Systems •
Interface with Other Trades,
Materials & Systems |
|
4. Truss and frame types and selection |
|
•
Structural Performance of
Trusses •
Structural Performance of
Frames •
Relative Construction Costs |
Theory:267
i)
Learners will correctly
identify and describe when it is necessary to call upon the services of a
professional architect, for their particular geographic area. This will include
a discussion of the following: 268
a)
When it is prudent to
call upon a professional architect 269
b)
Tips for interviewing a
professional architect 270
c)
What services a professional
architect can typically offer 271
d)
Professional Indemnity and
Liability 272
e)
What information an architect
will require in order to be effective (and how this information should be
presented) 273
ii)
Learners will correctly
identify and describe when it is necessary to call upon the services of a
professional engineer, for their particular geographic area. This will include
a discussion of the following: 274
a)
When it is prudent to
call upon a professional engineer 275
b)
Tips for interviewing a
professional engineer 276
c)
What services a professional
engineer can typically offer 277
d)
Professional Indemnity and
Liability 278
e)
What information an engineer
will require in order to be effective (and how this information should be
presented) 279
Practical:280
iii)
Learners will create a
preliminary frame design for a simple 2-3 bay timber framed building (Wood
Shed, Garage, etc) and produce ‘stick’ sketches (simple line drawings) of all
timber-framed components. 281
iv)
Given a complete set of
architectural drawings for a simple (1200 – 1500 sq ft) residence, learners
will create a preliminary frame design to suit the building and create ‘stick’
sketches of all timber-framed components. 282
DESCRIPTION 283
Demonstrate the use of common mathematical
formulas used for construction. 284
Demonstrate the use and conversion of
common measurement systems used for construction. 285
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Formulae |
|
•
Calculate Area (Rectilinear,
Curved & Round) •
Calculate Volume (Cube,
Prism, Sphere & Cylinder) •
Calculate Mass of Common
Materials •
Calculate Timber Volume
(Regular, Irregular, Curved & Round Timbers) •
Pythagorean Theorem •
Pi •
Rounding-Off Whole Numbers •
Convert Fractions – Decimals •
Convert Degrees – Decimals •
Convert Percentages –
Dimensions for Beam Deflections •
Common Abbreviations &
Notations |
|
2. Measurement systems |
|
•
Origins of Metric System •
Origins of Imperial System •
Convert Metric – Imperial
Measurements •
Other Measurement Systems
& Uses •
Length •
Area •
Volume •
Mass •
Angle •
Pressure •
Force •
Tables & Graphs •
Other Units of Measurement
& Their Uses in Construction (Hardness, Viscosity, Porosity, Thermal
Resistance, Conductivity, Resistance, Etc) |
Theory:314
i)
Given an open-book test of 40
practical, multiple-choice style questions about construction math and
measurements: 315
·
Timber Length, Volume &
Mass (15 Questions) 316
·
Building Area (5 Questions) 317
·
Read Tables & Graphs (5
Questions) 318
·
Angles (5 Questions) 319
·
Conversion of Measurements (10
Questions) 320
The learner will
answer all questions within 120 minutes and score a minimum of 70%, or 28
correct answers. 321
DESCRIPTION 322
Demonstrate the use of geometry to solve
problems that are commonly found in construction. 323
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Principals of construction geometry |
|
•
Origins of Geometry ( •
Lines •
Axis •
Planes •
Solids •
Developing 3-D Solids •
Common Symbols •
Properties of Triangles •
Tables & Graphs •
Control Points / Datums /
Theoretical Lines •
Determining & Measuring
Angles •
Chords & Arcs •
Using Compasses, Trammel
Points & Daisy Wheels •
Geometry & Architectural
Form (Golden Mean, Aesthetics of Natural Form, Etc) •
Geometric Layout of Historic
Buildings |
|
2. Common applications of construction
geometry |
|
•
Area & Volume of
Materials •
Area & Volume of
Buildings •
Mass of Materials •
Quantities of Materials •
Roof Construction •
Graphic Representations of
Load / Reaction Vectors |
Theory:349
i)
Given an open-book test of 30
practical, multiple-choice style questions that use construction geometry to
solve common estimating problems, the learner will answer all questions within
120 minutes and score a minimum of 70%, or 21 correct answers. 350
Practical:351
ii)
Given the following equipment: 352
·
Trammell Points & Rod 353
·
Ink Line / Chalk Line 354
·
Pencil 355
The
learner will: 356
a)
Construct a straight line 357
b)
Construct a new line that is
parallel to the previous line 358
c)
Bisect one of these lines with
a perpendicular line at one end and at a given point along the line 359
d)
Bisect one of these lines at
22.5 and 45 degrees. 360
iii)
Using the equipment listed
above, learners will construct a circle of given dimensions and then divide it
into segments of 30 degrees. 361
iv)
Using the equipment listed
above, learners will construct a circle of given dimensions and then divide one
quadrant into segments of 1 degrees. 362
v)
Using the equipment listed
above and a tape measure, learners will construct the following: 363
a)
Construct a square of given
dimensions 364
b)
Construct a rectangle of given
dimensions 365
c)
Construct a right-angle
triangle of given dimensions 366
d)
Construct an isosceles triangle
of given dimensions 367
e)
Construct an equilateral
triangle of given dimensions 368
f)
Construct an octagon of given
dimensions. 369
DESCRIPTION 370
Demonstrate the use of developed drawing to
illustrate roof planes and joinery. 371
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Developed drawings for construction |
|
•
Principals of Developed
Drawing •
Common Rafters •
Hip & Valley Rafters •
Jack Rafters •
Backing Cuts for Hips &
Valleys •
Plumb & Seat Cuts for
Rafters •
Irregular Pitched Roofs •
•
Curved & Circular Roofs •
Applications for Estimating |
Practical:385
i)
Given clear and
fully-dimensioned drawings of various roof frames, learners will use developed
drawing techniques to identify the triangles that illustrate the following roof
components: 386
a)
Common Rafter 387
b)
Hip Rafter (including backing
cut) 388
c)
Valley Rafter (including
backing cut) 389
d)
Jack Rafter 390
DESCRIPTION 391
Demonstrate the use of trigonometry for solving
common construction problems. 392
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Construction trigonometry |
|
•
Principals of Trigonometry •
Law of Sines & Cosines •
Mnemonics (SOH, CAH &
TOA) •
Identifying Triangles •
Side Lengths •
Arcs & Chords •
Applications for Site Layout
& Building Lines •
Applications for Roof
Construction •
Applications for Stair
Construction •
Applications for Estimating •
Checking Plumb & Square |
Practical: 407
i)
Given clear and
fully-dimensioned drawings of a building site, learners will use trigonometry
to solve for all information necessary to layout building lines as follows: 408
a)
Set-Backs 409
b)
Building Outline 410
c)
Grade 411
ii)
Given clear and
fully-dimensioned drawings of various regular and irregular roof frames,
learners will use trigonometry to solve for all information necessary to cut
common roof components as follows: 412
a)
Common Rafter 413
b)
Hip Rafter (including backing
cut) 414
c)
Valley Rafter (including
backing cut) 415
d)
Jack rafter 416
e)
Purlin – Hip/Valley
Intersections 417
iii)
Given clear and
fully-dimensioned drawings of straight, winding and spiral stairs, learners
will use trigonometry to solve for all information necessary to cut common
stair components as follows: 418
a)
Common Tread 419
b)
Common Riser 420
c)
Starting Riser 421
d)
Flight Length 422
e)
Winders 423
f)
Headroom 424
g)
Handrails 425
h)
Balustrades 426
DESCRIPTION 427
Use ratio and proportion to solve common
construction problems. 428
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Ratio and proportion for construction |
|
•
Principals of Ratio &
Proportion •
Applications for Joinery •
Applications for Site Layout
& Building Lines •
Applications for Roof
Construction •
Applications for Stair
Construction •
Applications for Mixing Glue,
Epoxy, Concrete, Grout, Etc •
Applications for Estimating |
Practical:439
i)
Learners will use ratio and
proportion to layout dovetails and wedges for a variety of common joinery
applications. 440
ii)
Learners will use ratio and
proportion to solve problems relating to the layout of buildings on sloped
grades, and will convert grades expressed as ratios into percentages and
degrees. 441
iii)
Learners will use ratio and
proportion to solve problems relating to the layout of roofs, and will convert
roof slopes expressed as X: 12 ratios into percentages and degrees. 442
DESCRIPTION 444
Identify and describe commonly available
CAD packages and their uses for timber frame design. 445
Compare and distinguish between commonly
available CAD packages and their applications and limitations for timber frame
design. 446
Demonstrate the use of CAD for the
production of simple frame drawings. 447
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Commonly available CAD packages for
timber frame design |
|
•
Stand-Alone CAD (AutoCAD,
Cadworks, Dietrichs, Vectorworks, Etc) •
Bolt-On CAD (HSB, Inventor, Etc) •
Parametric vs. Non-Parametric
CAD |
|
2. CAD applications and limitations |
|
•
Training •
Cost •
Licensing Agreements •
Support & Upgrades •
System & Peripheral
Requirements •
System & Peripheral
Options (Calculators, Tablets, Etc) •
Libraries •
Quantum, Cutting Lists &
Estimating Capabilities •
Interface & Output with
CNC Machines •
3-D Rendering •
CoG Calculations •
Engineering Calculations •
Walk-Throughs •
Animated Construction
Sequencing •
Lighting Applications •
Applications for Hybrid
Construction & SIP’s •
Applications for Curves,
Poles & Logs |
Theory:472
i)
Given a multiple choice test of
20 recall/recognition type questions about CAD, the learner will answer all
questions within 30 minutes and score a minimum of 70% or 14 correct answers. 473
Practical:474
ii)
Learners will demonstrate their
understanding of basic CAD operations by developing a complete set of
structural frame drawings for a simple 1-2 Bay timber frame (woodshed, garage,
gazebo, etc). This will include all information necessary for construction. 475
DESCRIPTION 476
Identify and describe commonly available
CAE packages and their uses for timber frame design. 477
Compare and distinguish between commonly
available CAE packages and their applications and limitations for timber frame
design. 478
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. Commonly available CAE packages for
timber frame design |
|
•
Beam Analysis vs. Structure Analysis •
2D Analysis vs. 3D Analysis •
Static vs. Dynamic Structural
Analysis •
Finite Element Analysis |
|
2. Applications and limitations of CAE
packages |
|
•
Training •
Cost •
Licensing Agreements •
Support & Upgrades •
System & Peripheral
Requirements •
CoG Calculations •
Applications for Hybrid
Construction & SIP’s •
Applications for Curves,
Poles & Logs |
Theory:495
i)
Given a multiple choice test of
20 recall/recognition type questions about CAE packages, the learner will
answer all questions within 30 minutes and score a minimum of 70% or 14 correct
answers.496
Practical:497
ii)
Given a complete set of frame
drawings for a simple timber frame structure, learners will demonstrate their
understanding of basic CAE operations by determining the correct section-sizes
for a variety of timbers in the design. 498
DESCRIPTION 499
Identify and describe the full range of
terms that are commonly used by timber framers to describe their frames, frame
components and joinery. 500
|
LEARNING
TASKS |
|
CONTENT |
|
1. North American framing terminology |
|
•
Frame Types (Cruck, Bent
& Girt, Hybrid, Etc) •
Truss Types (Hammer Beam,
Scissor, Queen Post, Etc) •
Frame Components (Connecting
Girt, Ridge Beam, Collar Tie, Etc) •
Joinery (Mortise & Tenon,
Dovetail, Scarf Joint, Etc) |
|
2. World framing terminology |
|
•
Basic European Terminology by
Region •
History of Common Framing
Terms •
Japanese Framing & Major
Differences |
|
3. Building terminology |
|
•
Log Building Terms •
Stick-Framing Terms •
General Construction Terms |
Theory:516
i)
Given clear illustrations,
learners will match 100 illustrated items that are commonly found in North
American timber framing to a list of given terms within 45 minutes and score a
minimum of 70%, or 70 correct answers. 517
ii)
Given clear illustrations,
learners will match 100 illustrated items that are common to world framing
traditions, log-building and general construction, to a list of given terms
within 45 minutes and score a minimum of 70%, or 70 correct answers. 518