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Atlantis, according to Platón, was near Gibraltar. Reason itself is not accepted?
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The Only Location of Atlantis: Question of Rigor...
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Dear Laura:
The only location of Atlantis that can be maintained, objectively, and according to the own words of Plato and other authors of the Antiquity, is the one of
"FRETUM HERCULIS", "Straits of Hercules" ("Straits of Gibraltar", in Latin) or "ATLANTIKOUS PELAGOUS", "Sea of the Atlántiko" ("Atlantic Gulf", in Greek)
"... The location of Isla-Peni'nsula de Atlantis between Iberia and Africa, according to the own words of Plato: next to the Straits of Gibraltar, ahead same, in the
lobby of the Atlantic Gulf and near the regions of the Atlas, Cadiz, Menestheo and Olissipo, never it has been a thesis or a hypothesis, simply it has been the
only location
referred by Plato, and sincerely, to try to maintain another location would mean, simply, to ignore and to completely despise the text of Plato and the old
sources, besides to see one forced the manipulation and the use of the argument of the force instead of going to the force of the argument... " [Cita of the
Author]
I wait for, sincerely, that the search of the truth, am where it is, it is as it is, and it falls that falls, is what it really matters to most of the members of this List. As
also I hope to wake up your interest, although it only is so that my work is criticized.
Very Warm greetings from "Atlantis-Iberia" of Georgeos Diaz-Montexano
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The Atlantis facing Gibraltar, among Iberia and Africa
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The Possible only Location of the Atlantis
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Numerous they are the locations that have tried to give to the enigmatic civilization atlante. Thus same it has himself it dear to find even in the most improbable
places. The certain thing is that the Atlántida has been always truly apetitosa for the majority of the towns of the Ground. However, and for displeasure of many,
the Atlántida never was in another point that went not among the Iberian Peninsula and the North of Africa, facing Gibraltar; neither even in the center of the
Atlantic one as had thought the majority (included I) of the studious.
The theory of the Atlántida in Spain and its identification with Tartessós seems to have done clear already since ends of the S. XIX through the unjustly forgot
Spanish historian Francisco Fernández and Gonzalez, father of the famous one Juán Fernández Amador of the Rivers, who did this theoretical claim of priority of
its father to the German one Adolf Schulten, to the one that the own Spanish historians judged it the inmerecida fame if there is been the first one in defending
this theory. One must see as we are always with ours! This remembers the case of Marcelino Sanz Sautuola, the first investigator of the famous paintings
rupestres of Altamira, who died in the shame if there is been vituperado as falsificador. After Amador of the Rivers, to Schulten and to the arqueóloga Elena
Whitshaw all the ones that have defended the theory of Atlantis-Tartessós have not done more than reincidir, save in small details, in the same points. Mention
aside deserve some investigators as Mario Roso of Moon -probably the major scientist, creative intellectual and philosopher of the generation of the 98, also
unjustly condemned to the ostracismo- Juan G. Atienza, Fernández Sánchez Dredged and Jorge María Ribero-Meneses. All these investigators present a
common one denominador, the belief in an Atlántida paleolítica and megalítica, autora of the better paintings rupestres, as the of Altamira, and of the most
impressive megalitos, as the of Antequera and the Millares. Although Ribero-Meneses differs of them in which has carried out an a great deal more deep study
since the point of view filológico and has proposed like geographical headquarters of what he calls the "primitive Atlántida" to the serranías cántabro-Spanish. To
the year 1994 I was convinced that the Atlántida of Platón was found in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, in a nearby point to the Islands Azores as the great
majority of the "atlantólogos", while my friend and master in polemics Ribero-Meneses he tried to do me to see the wrong thing that found myself. The it
defended that the Atlántida was found in the North of Iberia, but to me me did not they have just to convince some of their linguistic methods of reconstruction,
and by ende some of their conclusions. Now I sit down obliged to recognize that, to the less, as for the identification of the Atlántida with the Iberian Peninsula,
Ribero-Meneses had the reason. The same reason that the first, that a great deal before, they defended this theory: Francisco Fernández and Gonzalez and
their son Juán Fernández Amador of the Rivers.
As buscador of the truth, be which be, be where be and who fall fall, to me alone he interested me to discover the truth upon the done narrados by Platón upon
the Atlántida; as well as his true location. The alone reading of the text of Platón instilled me a strong intuition that that could not be could try a mere invention
as they intended fundamentar some skeptics.
It did already a great deal of time that had understood that is impossible to carry out a rigorous and serious study in matter of history and arqueología without
resorting to the primary fountains, that is to say, to the text in its original tongue; what carried me to carry out old studies of tongues as the Greek, the latin, the
Egyptian, the fenicio, the sumerio and the sanskrito, among others. The immense majority of the ones that are dedicated to the study of the past work upon
indirect fountains, upon information of second and third hand. In this manner, the errors you committed by the intermediarios are assimilated and trasmitidos
through a chain of investigators that write down some over other without be decided to respond, save scarce exceptions, to the first fountain. The authority and
competence of the academic specialists ancestors is assumed as something practically out of every doubt and inapelable in most cases, and is there where is,
precise, the major danger for the historic reconstruction of the past. And for the search of the to know true.
Thus therefore, swims more to begin the reading of the text in Greek of the Timaios in the work of Platón, where begins the first story upon the Atlántida I
noticed me of a gravísimo error of translation. An error, that repeated later to the saciedad -for all the investigators intermediarios that did not translate directly of
the Greek or the latin or that did not they dare to carry out amendments to the common translations- I finished for being become a truth incuestionable, that has
brought like consequence that a lot thousands of human beings (among the ones that also found me) during a lot time they have been believed that the Atlántida
or Island of-That it is what really signifies the name of Atlántida or of Atlantis- was in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. This first error went to translate the Greek
word "pelagos", preceding of our voice piélago- as ocean. Originally this Greek voice pelagos signified "marisma", "estanque","laguna", "playa","canal" and
"narrow" as it show a good number of words related inside the own tongue helénika, in distant relatives as the lituano and in other that have maintained some
historic contact as the fenicia, the Egyptian, and the crafty one or dialect Jewish-Spaniard of the Spain I delay medieval, where pélago followed maintaining the
old Greek meaning of "raft" and "reservoir" (Pascual1977). Thus, when the text in Greek said:
"...Tote gar poreusimon ên to ekei "pelagos" : nêson gar for tou "stomatos" eichen ho kaleite, hôs phate, humeis "Hêrakleous stêlas"..." (Timaios 24e)
"...Entonces yes could be crossed that "piélago" : an island, in effect, there was in front of the "mouth" to the one that you call, and they bring to light, the "Be
them of Herakles"..."
The first modern translatings of tongues wrote:
"...En that epoch, could be crossed that "ocean" given that it there was an island in front of the "desembocadura" that you, thus you say, you call "Columns of
Hércules"..."
I have "underlined" the key words of this passage. The word pelagos appears badly translated in many texts and dictionaries Greek-LATIN AMERICAN as "sea"
or "high sea". But ahead I will expose in this middle the study etimológico and lexicográfico that should have carried out to convince me of its true and original
meaning of "marismas", "beaches" or of what today we know as "archipiélagos" This study etimológico and linguistic comes to occupy all a chapter in the book
that have carried out upon this thesis giving it The Atlántida among Iberia and Africa, facing Gibraltar. Of all ways, if Platón had dear to be referred to the ocean,
instead of to a Piélago, simply to have used the Greek voice Ôkeanos.
A test irrefutable that this last translation used by the majority of the contemporary and modern authors is absolutely erroneous we have it in the first translation
latina known of the original one Greek of the complete works of Platón. The translation of Marsilio Ficini (1433-1499). In this first version latina reads perfectly as
the voice "fretum" substitutes to the Greek "pelagos". The key one "pelagos = fretum".
The same thing is corroborated in the translation latina of the Timaios done by Chalcidio in the century IV d. C. In effect, the key one of "pelagos = fretum" is
one of the tests irrefutables that I possess to document my thesis of the Atlántida near the Strait of Gibraltar, that is not but that to corroborate, simply, some of
the affirmations that Platón said upon this enigmatic Civilization and that subsequently we will detail.
The first translation to the latin of the original in Greek of all the dialogues and documents of Platón, as has said, was carried out for Marsilio Ficini to mediados
of the Century XVI, being at the same time the first impression of the complete works of Platón. "Divini Platonis Operates Omnia", was printed in the shop
tipográfico of the Convent of Santiago of Ripoli, in Florencia, among 1482 and 1484. The original that Ficini used for its translation latina nowadays are
"disappeared". From there the enormous value that has this first translation, since the Greek version that today know, part of the one that did Aldus Manutius
and Framework Musurus in Venecia 1513, some 30 years later, evidently, of the translation latina of Ficini. It wants all this to say that, although I am used to
having in consideration both versions, the Greek and the latina, evidently the version latina since the point of view of the rigurosidad would be the but complete
and reliable. Of fact, the key most fundamental to locate to the Atlántida I have obtained them thanks to this translation latina of Ficini and to the translation
commented of Chalcidio, the oldest one of all the translations latinas existing.
In these translations tests are found so contundentes as this that subsequently we will expose. So much Chalcidio as Ficini utilize a key word for the thesis that
are defending as for the location of the Island Atlantis refer to the word latina "fretum", which uses in the same position in which appears always in the Greek
version the voice "pelagos". Therefore well, for those of You that they do not be very familiarized with the tongue of the Romen or that do not remember well the
lessons of latin of the school I will tell them that "fretum" signifies, exactly, "narrow". ¡Eureka! That is to say, that according to Ficini the Atlantida was found in
the same Strait of Hércules. But better we see the following passages of the version latina, so that you can verify it for you same:
"...TUNC ENIM ERAT FRETUM ILLUD NAVIGABILES. INSULAM AUTEM IN ORE MARIS ADITU, QUAM AD EAS ANGUSTIAS, QUAS VOS HERCULIS
COLUMNAS VOCATIS..."
"...Because then that Strait was navigable: An Island, in effect, there was in the entrance (or in the step) of the mouth of the Sea, there before those angosturas,
that you llamais Columns of Hercules. .."
Chalcidio (disciple of the Akademia of Platón, S. IV d.C.) writes:
"... TUNC ENIM FRETUM ILLUD, OPINOR, ERAT COMMEABILE HABENS IN ORE AC VESTIBULO SINUS INSULAM, QUOD OS A VOBIS HERCULIS
CENSETUR COLUMNAE ..."
"... Because then that Strait, according to the opinion, was passable therefore there was in the Mouth and in the Vestibule of the Gulf an Island, that is the
Mouth that you consider of the Column of Hercules..."
As you will see, exist some small differences, that in the case of the version of Chalcidio, need still more than the Island Atlantis was found, just to the entrance
of the Strait, toward the part of the Atlantic Gulf, that is what signifies that matización of "AC VESTIBULO SINUS", that is to say, "in the Vestibule of the Gulf".
We compare it now with the Greek version that, as already we have aimed, is very probable that leave from the previous translation latina of Ficini:
"... tote gar poreusimon ên to ekei pelagos : nêson gar pro tou stomatos eichen ho kaleite, hôs phate, humeis Hêrakleous stêlas ..." (Timaios 24e)
"... Then yes it could be crossed that piélago: since an island had in front of the mouth to the one that you call, and they bring to light, Be them them of
Herakles..."
We see another passage of the translation of Ficini. This time I will not translate I directly, we will do it through the Spanish translation of Gregorio García (1607)
upon the same original LATIN AMERICAN of Marsilio Ficini:
"...Porque then that Narrow was navigable: having à laboca, and almost à the door of the Colunas of Hércules, that you are used to calling, an Island.." (Spanish
translation of the original LATIN AMERICAN of Marsilio Ficini by Gregorio García, 1607)
Then.. Exist or not sufficient reasons of weight to defend that the Island Atlantis -if existed really, if did not be a matter of a simple fantasy of Platón- alone could
be in some very nearby point to the Strait of Gibraltar?
If the Island Atlantis was therefore in the "entrance" or in the "step" same, before the "mouth of the angostura" or "narrow" same, almost to the "door" or
"entrance of the Columns of Hercules", ¿how is possible that to today have nobody noticed himself of this key so capital one? How it is possible that all the
atlantólogos previous, since the own one Ignatus Donelly, to the one that him is considered the "father of the atlantología", have nobody believed never in the
only location of the Island Atlantis that offers Platón? The answer already you have it all. The guilty one of all this confusion was the first one that decided to be
guided for the Greek version -and not by the original one latina of Chalcidio or Ficini- and to interpret the Greek voice "pelagos" as "Ocean", instead of as
"Narrow" or simply as "Piélago" of marismas and low funds. Or how it is that has nobody thought that if the original voice Greek had been really pelagos why
neither Chalcidio neither Ficini they would use in its place the word latina pelagus that in order to account was a voice derived from the same one pelagos
Greek.
It is clear that if both used the voice FRETUM, that is to say, "narrow" or " narrow space of sea, among ground and ground by where the sea passes from a side
to the other" went because the Greek word of the original manuscripts, that they translated to the latin, permitted this translation. This is pure common sense. Is
logical aplastante. Besides, upon disappearing "mysterious" the original Greek version does not remain but remedy that to offer greater validity to a great part of
the words latinas used by Chalcidio and Ficini. It is obvious that, is not for scientific do nothing that we manipulate to our convenencia the words of Platón
basing on subsequent modern translations that are not but that retraducciones of the original one latina of Chalcidio and Ficini, and of the subsequent Greek
versions based on the translation latina of these. Still thus, and supposing that the Greek original voice fuese "pelagos", as has remained manifesto, I create to
have shown that the voice 'pelagos' admits correct one more translation than that of "ocean" or "high sea". This translation is that of 'marismas' or "sea of islands
of low funds" that would insert perfectly with the definition of 'narrow' that offer Chalcidio and Ficini by means of the voice latina FRETUM. On the other hand, is
probable that the Greek voice that to appear in the original one was "porzmos" or well "stenojoría"; both were used to call to the marine straits. Inside the Greek
text that has arrived, in concrete in the passage pertaining to Timaios 25ª, we find a clear reference that shows that the strait is the same one piélago:
"...tade men gar, hosa entos tou stomatos hou legomen, phainetai limênstenon tina echôn eisploun: ekeino de pelagos..."
"...Lo that remained, inside the mouth that mention, a narrow port in its entrance seemed: the mentioned piélago. .."
Thus therefore, so much if we use the translation latina of Chalcidio and Ficini, as if we use any of the subsequent Greek versions, the "Pelagos" of Atlantis is
the same thing that the "Fretum" of the Atlantic one; which is described as a "Narrow" or "Port with a Narrow Entrance", and whose name is exactly that of the
"Be them of Hêraklês" or "Columns of Hercules". Without doubt the present one "Narrow of Gibraltar". To see the following Illustrations:
The Piélago of Atlantis facing Gibraltar:
1.
http://usuarios.lycos.es/atlantisiberia/cultura/1f7f47e0.jpg 2.
http://www.nautico.net/images/map1.jpg Thus therefore, the thesis that defend, for years, based on the Greek and latin american texts of the dialogues of Platón, is irrebatible as for the fact that the
Island Atlantis that describes Platón, that is to say, the only Island Atlantis or Atlántida mentioned in the Antiquity with that name, if there is existed in reality,
only could be where the own texts locate it: in the "entrance" or in theSame, before the "mouth of the angostura" or "narrow" same, almost to the "door" or
"entrance" of the "Columns of Hércules". It can be asked but?
On the other hand, one more test that Platón was referring in every moment to an assembly of marismas and archipiélagos we have it in the same passage
cited when upon wanting to express the idea to cross utilizes the Greek voice "poreúsimon", which does reference to it related to "to pass" or "to cross for
ground", as shows the analysis dictionary-etimológico. If Platón had desired to express the idea to cross for sea or water would be able therefore to have used
the voice porzmeúô "to travel by water, narrow or arm of sea".
Only after the sinking of the Island-City and of some part of the archipiélago where wrote down -not of the Atlántida entire- is that the philosopher atheniense
utilizes for the first time, in the Timaios, a word with clear marine meaning. I refer to the voice thalattas "sea". The text says thus:
"... hê te Atlantis nêsos hôsautôs kata tês thalattês dusa êphanisthê: dio kai nun aporon kai adiereunêton gegonen toukei pelagos, pêlou karta bracheos
empodôn ontos, dn hê nêsos hidzomenê par-ésjeto... " (Timaios 25d)
"... While Atlantis, the island, in the same way, being sunk under the sea disappeared. Because of it now is intransitable and inescrutable the exit by that
Piélago (or Narrow), of the mud of the many shoals (or reefs) that are a true obstacle, toward the island there written down next to the tip or extremity. .."
As it can be observed Platón leaves well clear the difference among the word (in genitive) "thálattês" "of the sea" or "of the water" and the word "pelagos",
relative to the "water little deep, fangosas and with islands or narrow"; as the water of all the known archi-piélagos nowadays.
As for the location of the Island Atlantis, Platón, by mouth of the Kritias the Smaller one, affirms that in its epoch (S. IV a. C.) said Island "was found still to little
depth, next to the tip or extremity..." Probably would be referring to the present one "Tip of Tarifa" or to the "Tip of Trafalgar".
In another passage, upon referring to the Atlantic sea, Platón employs the voice "pontos" (Tim. 25a) that in the tongue helénika is utilized to call to the "seas",
while to be referred to what surrounds to the strait and to the island-city of Atlantis uses always the voice "pelagos" that is to say, "piélago"; emparentada with
"archi-piélago the one that signifies "the Piélago Old or Main" and that was used to name the assembly of islands of the Sea Egeo. The configuración of this sea
is exactly that of a full sea of islands of diverse dimensions, for which we have here a clear evidence of the meaning of "piélago" as a group of islands or small
islands surrounded of water, or sea of islands with frequent straits and shoals that complicate the navigation. They felt this that we have inherited in the present
geographical terminology, where an archipiélago is a "joint of islands grouped in a surface of sea of a specific extension".
ONE MORE confirmación, if fits, that Platón referred to a "piélago" or "sea of islands" next to the "Narrow of Herakles" we have it in the fact that the majority of
the authors from the antiquity upon referring to the water that surrounded to the strait, of the part of the Mediterranean one or Mare Nostrum, they were used to
utilizing the denominations of "Piélago Iberian" and "Piélago Baleárico", evidently by theAlready they disappeared that they existed nearby to the Strait, it as
has confirmed the marine geology, and that they were called in the antiquity as "Piélago Atlantic" or "Pelagus Fretum".
Of these old Piélagos is conserved at present the "Island of Alborán" and numerous low and banks facing Gibraltar in the vestibule of the "Atlantic Gulf" as the
"Low of the Cabezos", of "Camarinal" of "Trafalgar" and the "Bank of Majuan".
In another passage, being referred Platón to the children of Poseidón that governed in the Island Atlantis the following thing says:
"... houtoi dê pantes autoi te kai ekgonoi toutôn epi geneaspollas ôikoun archontes men pollôn allôn kata to pelagos nêsôn, eti de, hôsper kai proteronerrêthê,
mechri te Aiguptou kai Turrênias tôn entos deuro eparchontes. ..." (Kritias 114)
"...Todos these and all the of their lineage a great deal of time they lived like arjontes (rulers) of many of the other upon the piélago of the islands, that, besides,
and of equal way before they sent; to Egypt and Türrênia (Peninsula Itálica), toward inside, to here, they extended their power. .."
One more time Platón clears up the characteristics of the geographical setting that surrounds to Atlantis. This it is adjusted to that of an archipiélago, what
remains perfectly defined with the expression "the piélago of the islands". Subsequently the master one atheniense I need us, more still, upon assuring us that a
promontorio of the Island Atlantis arrived to the "Columns of Hércules" and the "region of Gadira". We see this revealing passage:
"... tôi men presbutatôi kai basilei touto hou dê kai pasa hê nêsos to te pelagos eschen epônumian, Atlantikon lechthen, hoti tounom' ên tôiprôtôi basileusanti
... (Kritias 114a) ... tote Atlas: tôi de didumôi met' ekeinon te genomenôi, lêxin de akras tês nêsou pros Hêrakleiôn stêlôn eilêchoti epi to tês Gadeirikês nun
chôras kat' ekeinon ton topon onomazomenês, Hellênisti men Eumêlon, to d' epichôrion Gadeiron , hoper t' ên epiklên tautêi onom' a paraschoi. ..." (Kritias
114b)
"... The major and king is that of the one that all the island and the piélago carries his name; the Atlantic one (" Piélago of Atlas"), according to is said has the
name derived from this, the first one that was king.. (Kritias 114a)... then Atlas. To the twin or to be that it came later, it corresponded for lot the promontorio (or
the heights) of the Island (or Peninsula) next to them Be them of the Heraklios offered by the God to the side (or nearby) of Gadiria that now there that place call
for that name, in Helenístico is Eumêlo, in native Gadiro (Gadeiron is the acusativo of Gadeiros, pronounced, according to the norms phonetics of the Greek
tongue,Or Gadiro), the one that is very possible that by thus same nickname gave name (to the place); in this way the name was originated. .." (Kritias 114b)
With this passage Platón left well clear through the voice helénica "akras" -that has also the meaning of summit, top, height; tip, promontorio; besides castle
and fortress, as the voice latina "arx" -, that a promontorio or some heights of the "island-peninsula" was situated next to the "Be them of Herakles" or "Columns
of Hércules", which was also to the side or nearby to the known place in(S. III a. C., or well in the times of scorching Heat, S. V a. C.) as "Gadiria". Name this
that was supposed at the same time derived from the name of "Gadiro", the Atlas twin brother. And that the "Gadirikê" or "region of Gadiria" corresponded, more
or less, with the old one "Gadir" fenicia and the present province of "Cádiz" is something that nowadays is out of every doubt. Just in case, I have taken myself
the molestia to revise all the original fountains acquaintances in heléniko and latin that do reference to this topónimo... and all, without exception, locate this
paraje in the proximities of the "Narrow Herakleo" or present "Narrow of Gibraltar". Be worth like example these two contemporary and previous samples to the
times of Platón:
1. Orae Maritimae of Rufo Festo Reconcile (Century IV)
"... EST ATLANTICUS SINUS. HIC GADIR URBS EST, {...}, HIC SUNT COLUMNAE PERTINACIS HERCULIS..."
"... In the Atlantic gulf. Here is the urbe of Gadir, {...}, here are the Columns of the pertinaz Hércules. .."
2. Periplo of the Sea next to the coasts inhabited of Europe, Asia and Libya" of Pseudo Eskílax. (Century IV a. C.)
"... Europe (1) : I Will Begin as of them Be them of Herakles situated in Europe to the ones that are in Libya and to the large Etíopes. Be them them of Herakles
are face to face some of other and are distant among if a journey of navigation. And there is, next to them, two islands that carry for name Gadira. One of them
has a City that is away from them Be them of Herakles a journey of navigation. After them Be them of Herakles, situated in Europe, there is numerous factorías
commercial of the púnicos, mud, waves and open sea. Libya (111) : "Acros is the name of the city and of the gulf, a deserted island of name Drinaupa, it Being
it of Herakles in Libya, the peninsula Abilika and a city in the river and in front of them the islands Gadiras. ... Gadira. "These islands are next to Europe and one
of them has a city and Be them them of Herakles are facing them, a that of Libya little high, another that of Europe high. These they are peninsulas situated an
in front of the other. Are distant among if a navigation of a journey. .. (112) : "subsequently of them Be them of Herakles for whom sails toward the outside and
leaves Libya to the left, there is a great gulf (the Atlantic Gulf among Iberia and Africa) to the Promontorio of Hermes (Tip of San Vicente) ..." [end of
appointment]
All the ones that have intended to locate the existence of Atlantis in any another point of the World that do not be in the proximities of the present Strait of
Gibraltar, have had to be seen obliged to force the translations of the modern texts so that they could be adapted to their hypothesis preconcebidas. None of
them maintains him. Of fact, all the typical arguments are base on: "perhaps Platón what meant was. .." or "and if instead of such, went really which. .." or that
another argumentación based on the possible defects of ortografía of Platón or of their copyists, who they would confuse some words by other.
Although these arguments, in some concrete cases, they would be able to be certain, cannot be constituted, under no concept, in the motor one impulsor and
guide of any investigation that need to resort to the translation of the original old texts. Evidently would not be this the most scientific attitude.
The precision of Platón to the hour to locate the "Island Atlantis", next to the "Columns of Hércules" (Narrow of Gibraltar) and the "region of Gades" (Cádiz) is so
impressively exact that all the ones that have tried situating it in other places of the World, them has not remained but remedy that to be invented that the
"Columns of Hércules" never were where always they have been or that they could exist other. When the certain thing is that the 99,9 of the old appointments
upon the "Be them of Herakles" or "Columns of Hércules" situate them in the "Narrow" that separated to the great one "Exterior Sea" or "Atlantic Ocean" of the
"Interior Sea" or "Mare Nostrum", the present one "Mediterranean".
Who they have tried to establish this absurd one to want reubicar to the "Columns of Hércules" in other points of the Mediterranean one, they have done it to be
able to defend at the same time absurd hypothesis upon the Atlántida in other places out of the entorno of the "Narrow of Gibraltar".
From time to time has tried to place to the "Island Atlantis" even in distant and so remote places of the mediterranean and Atlantic area, as for example,
"Indonesian". All these authors seem to have forgot also (of very convenient way) that not alone there would be that to change the historic position of the
"Columns of Hércules" in the "Narrow of Gibraltar", but also the geographical position of "Gades" or "Cádiz", "Elasippo or Olissipo" (name of the old one Lisbon)
and "Meneszeus or Menestheus" (old name of the present Port of Holy María, Cádiz); regions or regions atlantes pertaining to the kings "Gadiro",
"Elasippo""Mnêseas", brothers of "Atlas", the first and main king of the "Island-Peninsula of Atlantis".
They are four already the topónimos and geographical points that have detected in the story of Platón and that coincide with places cited by other Roman and
Greek authors in an area that covers since the strait of Gibraltar or "Columns of Hércules" to Portugal. Of no way this can be owed to a simple and mere
coincidence. Not no place in the ground exists where themselves there they be registado these same names related among if, and in a relatively nearby area.
These cuatros names atlantes: "Atlas" (Mount Atlas), "Gadiro" (Gadir, Gades), "Mnêséus" (Meneszeus), "Elasippus" (Olisippus), referred by Platón, are
coincidentes with topónimos that were conserved still in the times of the Roman conquest of Iberia, and in an area that covers since the present one "Narrow of
Gibraltar" to "Lisbon".
¡We be sensible! And still there is who intends to seek, not already the Atlántida in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean or in the middle of the Mediterranean one
but even in Indonesia? ¡Incredible, but sadly certain!!
The location of the "Island-Peninsula of Atlantis" among "Iberia and Africa", next to the "Narrow of Gibraltar", before same, in the "vestibule of the Atlantic Gulf"
and near the regions of the "Atlas", "Cádiz", "Menestheo" and "Olissipo", never has been a thesis or a hypothesis, simply has been the only location referred by
Platón, and sincerely, to try to maintain another location would signify, simply, to ignore and to despise completely the textOld fountains, besides being seen
one obliged to the manipulación and to the employment of the argument of the strength instead of responding by force of the argument.
We do not forget that it is to Platón, precise, to whom we owe that today we discuss upon the Atlántida, for which we should keep in mind first his affirmations,
before that the of any "illuminated" or modern investigator that is passed for the "lining of his trousers" the appreciations and the data that Platón contributes.
Not is nobody obvious that does exist nowadays with more knowledge upon the Atlántida that the ones that had in his moment the genial philosopher
atheniense.
To try to defend other locations of the "Island-Peninsula Atlantis" (or of Atlas) that do not be the one that clearly refers Platón, in the proximities of "Gibraltar and
Cádiz" would signify, without any doubt, to violate the most elementary rules of the scientific method.
Who do not be capable to verify scientifically the historic existence of Atlantis, according to the data that contributes Platón and without manipulaciones, to the
less than having the decency of not being invented other "Atlántidas" nonexistent at the expense of to do to remain to Platón as an old forgetful one or as a liar.
I expect that the scientific severity finally dominate in the rational and intelligent minds of all those that we study these facts, that analyze all with depth the data
here contributed, and later we remove ours own conclusions.
To the less I have arranged for all the original fountains in which I base my studies so that any can submit to comprobación my conclusions; something that by
ethics and principle they should have done all the ones that have tried and try to reconstruct these facts of the past.
All in all:
Does not it exist in the story of Platón original -so much in Greek as in its translation to the latin carried out by its disciple Chalcidio, and subsequently by
Ficini- absolutely swims that permit to infer, neither even as a remote possibility, that the "Island-Peninsula Atlantis" [" Nêsos Atlantis" in Greek, "Insula
Atlantida" in latin] could be in another place of the World that was not just, to the same side, of the "ColumnsOf the "regions of the Atlas", "Gades" (Cádiz),
"Menestheo" (Port of Holy María?) and "Olissipo" (Lisbon). In the "vestibule of the Atlantic Gulf" that is opened facing the "Columns of Hércules".
Any another affirmation or hypothesis upon the location of "Atlantis" in another point any of the ground himself does not maintain in it but most minimum,
according to the original fountains.
As for the seismic activity submarine, also tests exist more than sufficient of a strong enough activity under the water of Cádiz, Tip of San Vicente and Gibraltar,
that is to say, the region of the Piélago of Atlantis that describes Platón, for which do not there would be neither no need to try to seek another seismic region of
the World to try to locate to the Atlántida.
The most recent geological investigations and oceanográficas carried out by scientific Spaniards to I embroider of the ship Hespérides, are giving samples,
according to the Dr.Victor Díaz of the River of the Faculty of Sciences of the Sea of the Institute Geominero of Spain one of a highest one sismicidad
underwater, "characterized by frequent earthquakes with epicentros in the marine zone and their corresponding tsunamis that reach diverse dimensions", in this
same area that haveThe "Piélago of Atlantis".
They have been found to chimneys volcánicas in the marine depths facing Cádiz. Another noticeable investigator the Dr. Luis Somoza Losada (Geologia Marine,
IGME) has directed a scientific project of investigation: the "Campaign oceanográfica TASYO 2000". Ship of Investigation Oceanográfica "Hespérides". Some of
the results of these investigations have permitted to affirm the following referring to the nearby area to the Gulf of Cádiz:
"...En as much as, the deep structure, have been detected the existence of large cabalgamientos corticales upon the bark oceánica with expression morfológica
in the marine fund, what indicates the seismic activity of the area, related to large fenomenos of tsunamis. .."
Upon the great potential intensity of activities sismicas of underwater origin in this area that identify as the "Piélago of Atlantis", where the island of the same
name was found and that desapareción due to strong seismos and floods, according to Platón, would suffice with remembering the seismo of marine origin that
almost to put an end to Lisbon in the S. XVIII. In individual, in the zone of the Strait of Gibraltar, have registered legends upon ground submerged since the
medieval epoch. To the respect, Enrique Gozalbes Cravioto in an interesting job upon medieval and old legends of the Strait says us -being referred to the
survival of the disappearance of the Island Atlantis facing Gibraltar to the Arabian authors- the following thing:
"...Es curious the continuity, more or less altered, of this tradition about cities submerged and of the formation of reefs in the zone of the Strait. {... currently the
majority of the investigators reject that the myth itself fundamentara in a historic reality; nevertheless a certain tradition of the myth was maintained in the beliefs
of the inhabitants of the Strait and of Tarifa in individual. .."
Sincerely, as already I said in another moment, each time turns out to be more difficult myself to understand how is possible that they have written so many
thousands of books and tantas, tantísimas, theories upon the location of the Island Atlantis by almost all the corners of the Ground, with it clarísima that always
was the reference to its location facing the present Strait of Gibraltar??
I create, as already I have aimed likewise in other occasions, that the fault of all this muddle has been motivated for the fact of not resorting never to the true
primary fountains, that is to say, to the oldest texts acquaintances in its versions Greek-greco-latinas. In short, by the lack of severity as for the precision and
verification of data in a direct way. The majority of the investigators that has studied the "Atlántida", already they be esoteristas, master illuminated, spirits or
ghosts (meaningless any peyorativo), and to scientists, have preferred to be governed for the existing translations of the dialogues of Platón to modern tongues
after the centuries XVIII and XIX, assuming them always as correct, when these they were erroneous and inprecisas in very fundamental aspects.
It is able, if wants, by mere whim, by desires to bother, by eagerness of protagonismo or simply by simple competitividad and commerce, to insist in putting the
Atlántida where to one the desire give it, whether in Chalk, in the Azores, in the Bahamas, in Cuba, in Mexico, in the Island of Pascua, in Indonesia and even in
the Antártida [that has nothing to do with a deformation ofAtlántida as some "sesudo" to arrived to affirm, but is a word created by its discoverers to indicate "the
contrary thing or opposite of the arctic one or ártido that is to say, it opposed to the north"].
Yes, by wanting to call the attention and to seem one original, is able until placing the Atlántida in the Moon or in a Planet X. In short, where the real desire give
us. As already has said, is to flavor of the consumer. But to the less we should have the dignity and the ethics to recognize that, independently of where would
please ourselves that was the Island Atlantis, the pure truth, the objective reality, is that the genial Master one Platón only locates it "next to the Columns of
Hércules" (Gibraltar); near the "regions of the Atlas" (Moroccan), of "Gades" (Cádiz), of "Menestheo" (Port of Holy María?) and of "Olissipo" (Lisbon); in the
"same mouthAtlantiko", that is to say, among the Suroeste of the Iberian Peninsula and the Northwest of Africa.
We do not forget never that, to the moment, the dialogues of Platón [the Timaios and the Kritias] seem to be the first and original only fountains written that it
has been conserved upon the Island Atlantis or Island of Atlas.
Copyright: Georgeos Díaz-Montexano, 1996
Georgeos@ArchaeoTour.com
To expand information in
http://Atlantis.sitio.net/ http://www.elistas.net/listas/atlantologos/ Discovered Atlantis in Gibraltar
http://usuarios.lycos.es/atlantisiberia/index.htm They discover ruins under the Sea in the Straits of Gibraltar that could be of the Atlantis. The ruins of the Old Civilization of Atlantis could ...
