Re: How to prevent and fight against The Avian Influenza (H5N1)?
 
Attention! The Avian Influenza (H5N1)
 
The occurrence of human influenza A (H5N1) in Southeast Asia has paralleled large outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1), although the avian epidemics in 2004 and 2005 have only rarely led to disease in humans. The largest number of cases has occurred in Vietnam, particularly during the third, ongoing wave, and the first human death was recently reported in Indonesia. The frequencies of human infection have not been determined, and seroprevalence studies are urgently needed. The expanding geographic distribution of avian influenza A (H5N1) infections, with recent outbreaks in Kazakstan, Mongolia, and Russia, indicates that more human populations are at risk.

 

How to prevent and fight against The Avian Influenza (H5N1)? Look here!

 

Shikimic acid Illicium verum Hook.f.Extract

Shikimic acid is a white crystalline compound of nonnitrogenous acid found in various plants naturally. It has two kind functional groups in the same molecule, three hydroxyl groups and a carboxylic acid group, which are optically active. They can yield various kinds of esters and salts. Shikimic acid is a cyclitol, a polyhydroxylated cycloalkane containing at least three hydroxy groups in the ring at different positions. Examples are inositol and quinic acid. The most important feature of cyclitol is that there are chiral isomers, key intermediates in the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds in living metabolism. Shikimic acid is a key intermediate in the biochemical pathway from phosphoenolpyruvic acid to tyrosine.
D-Erythrose-4-phosphate + Phosphoenoylpyruvate ¡æ 7-Phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy- D-arabinoheptulosonate ¡æ 3-Dehydroquinate ¡æ 3-Dehydroshikimate ¡æ Shikimate ¡æ 3-Phosphoshikimate ¡æ 3-Phospho-5-enoylpyruvylshikimate ¡æ Chorismate ¡æ Prephenate ¡æ Phenylpyruvate (or p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate) ¡æ L-Phenylalanine (or L-Tyrosine)

Shikimic acid is a precursor of many alkaloids, aromatic amino acids, and indole derivatives. Shikimic acid is widely used as a chiral building block for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. An example of end product is an antiviral drug oseltamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor used in the treatment and prophylaxis of both influenza A and influenza B.

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